In a world where the old meets the new, Turkey emerges as a rising force, shedding off the shackles of foreign dominance to reclaim its place on the global stage. David Tonge’s captivating exploration delves into the inner workings of this formidable superpower and the man at its helm, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
- The Return of Religion in Turkey: Tonge shines a spotlight on the resurgence of Sunni Islam, particularly through mystical religious orders, which have seamlessly interwoven themselves into the fabric of Turkish culture. Contrary to popular belief, the past century has seen a strengthening, rather than a waning, of religious influence in Turkey.
- The Legacy of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: Atatürk’s vision of a modern, secular Turkey shaped the nation following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. However, Tonge argues that Erdoğan’s "New Turkey" harkens back to the old Ottoman era, with Islam reclaiming its central role in Turkey’s identity.
- The Power of the Nakşibendi Fraternity: Various branches of the Nakşibendi fraternity, like Erenköy and İsmailağa, have entrenched themselves deeply in Turkish society, extending their influence to state institutions and the economy. These religious orders wield immense power, mobilizing millions and shaping Turkish politics and culture.
- Challenges of Piety and Purity: The emphasis on piety and purity has led to a rise in hardline Sunni Islam, challenging established norms in schools and spawning parallel structures within the government. This has fueled internal conflicts and scandals, pushing Turkey to the brink on several occasions.
- The Gülen Coup Attempt: The failed coup in 2016, blamed on Fethullah Gülen, highlighted the complex interplay between different religious factions in Turkish politics. Gülen’s movement, once seen as a paragon of Islamic tolerance, faced a dramatic fall from grace, further complicating Turkey’s religious landscape.
Tonge’s poignant analysis underscores a crucial shift in Turkish society, where mysticism and tolerance have given way to a more strident and intolerant form of Islam. As Turkey navigates its path towards the future, the influence of the Nakşibendi orders remains a defining factor in shaping the nation’s trajectory.
In conclusion, Tonge’s work serves as a poignant reminder that the Turkish century is marked not by individuals but by the enduring institutions that lay the foundation for power. The complex interplay of religion, culture, and politics in Turkey paints a multifaceted portrait of a nation in flux. As we witness the revival of religious orders and the ascendancy of Erdoğan, it is imperative to understand the intricate tapestry that weaves together the fabric of modern Turkey.
