In the bustling city of Abu Dhabi, Emirati student Shaima shares her home with her large family of four siblings and parents. Despite having seven members, she considers her household small compared to her father’s upbringing alongside 11 siblings in a time when families in the region were famously vast. This shift in family size among Emiratis reflects a significant social change across the United Arab Emirates.
The shift from large, extended families to smaller nuclear units is evident in official data that showcases a decrease in the fertility rate from 6.7 births per woman in 1970 to 3.7 in 2017. This trend has caused concerns among many Emiratis, who fear they are becoming a minority in their own country, outnumbered by the 93.5% expatriates that make up the UAE’s population. As the imbalance between Emiratis and foreigners continues to grow, Emiratis feel increasingly isolated and under pressure.
The decline in the Emirati fertility rate, now at 3.2 births per woman in 2021, has raised alarms among experts and policymakers. While this rate exceeds the replacement rate necessary to maintain the population size, the rapid decrease is worrisome. Efforts are being made to understand the demographic transition and its implications for the future, with some projecting a further decline in the fertility rate.
To address this issue, the government has implemented various support programs, including the “Emirati Family Growth Support Programme” in Abu Dhabi. This initiative offers incentives to families to increase their size, emphasizing the role of large families in achieving social stability and preserving national identity. By promoting the growth of Emirati families, authorities hope to counteract the challenges posed by a dwindling population.
However, changing societal norms, economic factors, and the evolving role of women in the workplace are influencing family decisions in the UAE. Rising living costs, the pursuit of higher education and careers by women, and changing aspirations among the younger generation are leading to smaller family sizes. While policies such as lengthened maternity leaves aim to support working mothers, the desire for independence and career advancement often deter individuals from having larger families.
As the UAE continues to embrace economic growth and diversity, the government faces the challenge of balancing population dynamics with national identity preservation. Encouraging bigger families, supporting working mothers, and addressing the evolving needs of the population are key steps towards navigating the demographic transition. In a rapidly changing landscape, the UAE must find a harmonious balance between economic progress and societal traditions to ensure a sustainable future for its citizens.
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